清单式列举可以使逻辑清楚，避免and和or引起的歧义。下面对这条规则的英语说明本身就体现了这一规则的用法：
When you list, use the following rules:
• Use parallel structure.
• List each item so that it makes a complete thought when read with the introductory text.
• If the introductory language for the list is a complete sentence—
• End the introduction with a colon; and
• Make each item in the list a separate sentence.
• If the introductory language for the list is an incomplete sentence—
• End the introduction with a dash;
• End each item in the list except the last item with a semicolon;
• After the semicolon in the next-to-last item in the list, write "and" or "or" as appropriate; and
• End the last item in the list with a period.
隐藏的条件：“的”字结构
汉语立法中的一大特点就是用“的”字表示条件。国内立法英译中，可以看到对这一结构的处理方式，除其他外，包括以下几种：
Whoever式：如“具有下列条件之一的……”Whoever meets the one of the following conditions…
Anyone who式：Anyone who meets one of the following conditions…
Those who式：Those who meet one of the following conditions…
Any person式：Any person who meets one of the following conditions…
No one who式：有下列情形之一的，不予注册no one who is found in one of the following cases may be registered…
If式：if a person meets the one of the following conditions….
Where式：where one of the following conditions is met…
用if最多，其次是any person who，然后是where，whoever，还可以用其他，例如in the event taht
条件的表示方法
法律英语手册中这样规定：如果只有一个if，一个then，则先说if，再说then。这样做的好处是假如if表示then的适用对象，读者读完if就知道是否需要往下读了。如：If you invested in Class A shares, then…．如果读者不投资于A股，就不用读下去了。如果有一个if，数个then，则先说if，把then以清单形式列举出来。如果只有一个then，有几个if，则先说then，把if的内容以清单形式列举出来。如果有多个if多个then，可能就需要把一个句子断为几个句子，分清哪个if对应哪个then；或者列表说明。
美国简明英语行动和信息网出版的写作手册Writing User-friendly Documents以及美国国家档案和记录管理局出版的写作手册Drafting Legal Documents中，专门对法律文件中shall等情态动词的用法作出说明：
Use "must" for obligation, "may" for permission, and "should" for preference. Use "may not" to convey prohibitions. Avoid the ambiguous "shall."
——Writing User-friendly Documents
Shall—imposes an obligation to act, but may be confused with prediction of future action
Will—predicts future action
Must—imposes obligation, indicates a necessity to act
Should—infers obligation, but not absolute necessity
May—indicates discretion to act
May not—indicates a prohibition
——Drafting Legal Documents
三个代表“three-represents”(Our Party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.)；
奈达认为英语中所有的句子都可以分解为以下7种结构的核心句(1)：
• John ran quickly.
• John hit Bill.
• John gives Bill a ball.
• John is in the house.
• John is sick.
• John is a boy.
• John is my father.
清单式列举可以使逻辑清楚，避免and和or引起的歧义。下面对这条规则的英语说明本身就体现了这一规则的用法：
When you list, use the following rules:
• Use parallel structure.
• List each item so that it makes a complete thought when read with the introductory text.
• If the introductory language for the list is a complete sentence—
• End the introduction with a colon; and
• Make each item in the list a separate sentence.
• If the introductory language for the list is an incomplete sentence—
• End the introduction with a dash;
• End each item in the list except the last item with a semicolon;
• After the semicolon in the next-to-last item in the list, write "and" or "or" as appropriate; and
• End the last item in the list with a period.
汉语立法中的一大特点就是用“的”字表示条件。国内立法英译中，可以看到对这一结构的处理方式，除其他外，包括以下几种：
Whoever式：如“具有下列条件之一的……”Whoever meets the one of the following conditions…
Anyone who式：Anyone who meets one of the following conditions…
Those who式：Those who meet one of the following conditions…
Any person式：Any person who meets one of the following conditions…
No one who式：有下列情形之一的，不予注册no one who is found in one of the following cases may be registered…
If式：if a person meets the one of the following conditions….
Where式：where one of the following conditions is met…
法律英语手册中这样规定：如果只有一个if，一个then，则先说if，再说then。这样做的好处是假如if表示then的适用对象，读者读完if就知道是否需要往下读了。如：If you invested in Class A shares, then…．如果读者不投资于A股，就不用读下去了。如果有一个if，数个then，则先说if，把then以清单形式列举出来。如果只有一个then，有几个if，则先说then，把if的内容以清单形式列举出来。如果有多个if多个then，可能就需要把一个句子断为几个句子，分清哪个if对应哪个then；或者列表说明。
Use "must" for obligation, "may" for permission, and "should" for preference. Use "may not" to convey prohibitions. Avoid the ambiguous "shall."
——Writing User-friendly Documents
Shall—imposes an obligation to act, but may be confused with prediction of future action
Will—predicts future action
Must—imposes obligation, indicates a necessity to act
Should—infers obligation, but not absolute necessity
May—indicates discretion to act
May not—indicates a prohibition
——Drafting Legal Documents
• John ran quickly.
• John hit Bill.
• John gives Bill a ball.
• John is in the house.
• John is sick.
• John is a boy.
• John is my father.
1.篇章布局合理
2.言简意赅
3.信息流动通畅
4.使用短句
5.多用主动语态
6.使用强势动词,避免把动词变为名词
7.使用读者熟悉的词汇
8.避免含糊不清
9.用人称代词拉近与读者距离
10.避免一连串的名词修饰名词
11.避免涉嫌性别歧视的说法
12.避免否定的表达方式,尤其是双重否定
13.外观设计醒目
侧重译出语(程度由高到低):
Word-for- word translation(逐字对译)
Literal translation(字面翻译)
Faithful translation(忠实翻译)
Semantic translation(语意翻译
侧重译入语(程度由低到高):
Communicative translation(传意翻译)
Idiomatic translation(符合语言习惯的翻译)
Free translation(自由翻译)
Adaptation(改写)
从逐字对译到改写是一个连续体,逐字对译与原文的形式最为对应,改写最强调译入语的流畅性。
与此类似,周兆祥根据“翻译的自由度”,把翻译分为以下几类
逐字对译(word-for-word translation）
字面翻译( literal translation)
语意翻译( semantic translation)
传意翻译( communicative translation)
编译( free translation)
改写( adaptation）